Atelier Z,
Principal Architect | Sculptor | Advocate
M. Architecture,
University of Oregon, 1997.
B. Arts, Design of the Environment, University of Pennsylvania, 1992.
Fredrick H. Zal is a sculptor and the principal architect of
Atelier Z, an.architecture and industrial design studio, which advocates
dialogue in the fine + applied arts. By
striking a balance between praxis and theoros we passionately engage our work
with a focus upon empathy, morphology,
and materiality. These projects
range in scale and typology from graphic and web design, to furniture,
component design, remodels, single-family custom homes, multi-family mixed-use
housing, retail environments, civic and institutional buildings, pedestrian
bridges, urban design, and design competition management. Fredrick lectures on these subjects around the United States, where the work is
regularly published and exhibited.
As a guest professor at a number of Institutions, Fredrick educates fine and applied art students about the impetus of their design pedagogy through speculation upon fundamental concepts of light, statics and kinetics, material science, land|form, and bodily movement by investigating their correlation to the spaces we form into our urban environments.
University of Oregon Masters of Architecture: 1997
Architecture; School of Architecture and Allied Arts
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan Post-Bachelors Studies: 1992
Architecture; Graduate Architecture Department
University of Pennsylvania Bachelors of Arts: 1992
Design of the Environment; College of Arts and Sciences, Architecture
Rhode Island School of Design Bachelors Studies: Summer 1990
Architecture; School of Architecture
Lafayette College Bachelors Studies: 1989 - 1990
Psychology of Design; School of Liberal Arts
Bio-Physics; Schools of Natural Sciences and Engineering
ARG inc. Portland, Oregon + San Francisco, California 2008-Present
Lead Architect of
Pacific Northwest Office
Atelier Z Portland, Oregon 2000-2008
Principal Architect
WPH Architecture inc. Portland, Oregon 1998-2000
Project Manager
Urban Design Collab. Portland, Oregon 1997-1998
Design Consultant
Sienna Architecture Co. Portland, Oregon 1997-1998
Job Captain
Sarnacki Architects Ardmore, Pennsylvania 1993-1994
Intern
J.K. Roller & Associates Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1992
Intern
Registration Pennsylvania RA016482
Oregon 4641
National Council of
Architectural Registration Boards 77882/55793
Selected
Projects
Urban Design
Central City Assessment Group Portland, Oregon 2006-2007
North Park Blocks Bocce Courts Portland, Oregon 2003
Pentagon 9.11 Memorial Washington, D.C. 2002
Port Rashid Masterplan Dubai, U.A.E. 2001
Queens Plaza + Tower Queens, New York 2001
Pearl District “Horse Barn” Study Portland, Oregon 2000
Eastbank Crescent Study Portland, Oregon 1999
S.E. Powell Boulevard Portland, Oregon 1998
Bridgeton Trans. Improv. Plan Portland, Oregon 1997
Caruthers Crossing Rail Study Portland, Oregon 1997
Peterkort Town Center Beaverton, Oregon 1996-1997
Avenue of the Arts Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1993
Riverfront Promenade Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1993
Design Competition Management
Living Smart: Big Ideas Small Lots Portland, Oregon 2004
...under Development: Block 76 Portland, Oregon 2002
Multnomah Village Mixed-Use Portland, Oregon 2001
Institute for the Performing Arts Portland, Oregon 2000
Impetus for Urban Exploration Portland, Oregon 2000
Commercial / Institutional
Oregon State Hospital Salem, Oregon current
Union Rail Station Portland, Oregon current
HiiH Art + Dance Studios Portland, Oregon 2006-2007
Multnomah Commercial Portland, Oregon 2004-2006
RL Custom Remodeling Portland, Oregon 2004
Congregation Kesser Israel Portland, Oregon 2000-2003
Dietary Cooking Academy Brooklyn, New York 2002
Prairie Park Cinema Yelm, Washington 2000
Portland Rock Gym Portland, Oregon 1999-2000
Sundance Urban Cinema Portland, Oregon 1999-2000
RPS Auburn Dist. Facility Auburn, Washington 1999
Lake Stevens Cinema Lake Stevens, Washington 1999
Kung-Fu Bakery Recording Studio Portland, Oregon 1999
Four-Square Church Portland, Oregon 1998
Hollywood Video Stores OR, WA, ID & AK 1997-1998
Mixed Use / Housing
Parziale 5 Containers Portland, Oregon current
Broda Villa East Hampton, New York current
Heider Building Sheridan, Oregon 2008
4912 N.E. 27th Portland, Oregon 2003-2008
Ginsburg Addition Portland, Oregon 2007
Meyer Retreat Nine Mile Falls, Washington 2007
c.1895 Victorian Portland, Oregon 2006-2007
Honme Dwelling [v.2.0] Portland, Oregon 2006-2007
deRidarbal Farmhouse Beaverton, Oregon 2004-2007
Abrams Addition Portland, Oregon 2006
Quang / Gates Cloud Portland, Oregon 2006
Dubesa Remodel Corbett, Oregon 2006
Krichko Forest Lookout Gresham, Oregon 2006
Brianna + Janet Alberta Arts Tower Portland, Oregon 2006
Sherman / Dea Veranda Portland, Oregon 2005-2006
Honme Dwelling Portland, Oregon 2004-2005
LeFore / Escriva Remodel Portland, Oregon 2004
Fulton Station Portland, Oregon 1997-2004
Throckmorton Kibbutz Providence, Rhode Island 2003
Sokol Nest Lake Oswego, Oregon 2003
Fallucca Bathroom Port Republic, New Jersey 2003
Beeghly Gastronome Portland, Oregon 2002
Caughlan Bathing Sanctuary Portland, Oregon 2002
the Twenty-One Portland, Oregon 2001
Salmon Run Salem, Oregon 2001
Dehen Building Portland, Oregon 2001
delCastello Penthouse Portland, Oregon 2000
Dragoon Addition Portland, Oregon 1999
Myers Studio & Garage Clackamas, Oregon 1999
Irvington Place Portland, Oregon 1997-1998
Pioneer Pacific Camp Thetis Island, BC, Canada 1996
Installations / Performance Art
Chaos Carousel West Coast Tour 2007
SloMo Portland, Oregon 2006
ePheMere West Coast Tour 2006
Shade Catcher Gerlach, Nevada 2005 + 2006
UAN Kinematic Space Portland, Oregon 2006
Serpentine Portland, Oregon 2005-2006
Societas Insomnia v.2-5 Portland, Oregon 2005-2006
UAN Crystal Shard Portland, Oregon 2005
Fire + Ice Palace Portland, Oregon 2005
Angoisse della Macchina Opera Portland, Oregon 2005
Ignite Fashion Show Portland, Oregon 2005
Water Ritual Portland, Oregon 2005
East Meets West Portland, Oregon 2005
Pearl [para]SITE Portland, Oregon 2005
Alberta 100 Portland, Oregon 2005
Desert Phoenix Lake Bronson, Washington 2005
CoHo Theatre “CvP” Portland, Oregon 2003
Architectural Nightmares Portland, Oregon 1997
Rain Catcher Eugene, Oregon 1996
Industrial Design / Furniture
Glass Clamp System Portland, Oregon 2006
Ballet Étendre Barre Portland, Oregon 2005
Nike 360° Pods N/A: Transportable 2005
Draco’s Fyre Throne Portland, Oregon 2005
Dual-Prismatic Beam Splitter Portland, Oregon [patent pending] 2004
Wall of Amir Portland, Oregon 2002
delCastello Gallery Portland, Oregon 2002
Souri’s Hammered Desk Portland, Oregon 2001
Tyee Group Kinematics Portland, Oregon 2000
duPont / Corian Pavilion N/A: Transportable 1999
Freakshow Traveling Cinema N/A: Transportable 1999
Four-Square Alter Portland, Oregon 1998
Kinetic Glare Blocker Portland, Oregon 1997-1998
Conference Table Portland, Oregon 1998
Window Display Portland, Oregon 1997
Uchida Canopy Eugene, Oregon 1997
Tensegral Pedestrian Bridge Eugene, Oregon + Transportable 1996-1997
Self-Correcting Tensegral Node N/A: Transportable 1996
Graphic / Web Design
Greenhouse for Giving Portland, Oregon 2007
Kate Ramsey Iyengar Yoga Hyperspace 2006
David Lochtie Fine Art Hyperspace 2006
Grayscale Arts Hyperspace 2005
Sierra Club National 2005
University of Pennsylvania Hyperspace 2002-2004
City of Portland Portland, Oregon 2003-2005
Artspace inc Portland, Oregon 2000-2003
American Institute of Architects Portland, Oregon 1997-2003
Architectonics: Science of
Architecture Hyperspace 1994-1995
Advocacy
+ Teaching
tEEth Portland, Oregon
Performance Art Vision Board 2007-present
Portland State University Portland, Oregon
Guest Studio Critic 1996-present
Adjunct Associate Professor 2000-2004
Architecture 220: “Design Drawing”
Architecture 280: “Design Fundamentals Studio I, Materials + Making”
Architecture 281: “Design Fundamentals Studio II, Place Response”
University of Oregon Eugene + Portland, Oregon
Guest Studio Critic 1997-present
Guest Lecturer on “Critical Regionalism” for Professor Kara Adams 2008
Graduate Teaching Fellow
Architecture 461/561: Structural Behavior 1996 + 1997
Architecture 407/507: Advanced Structures Seminar [Lightweight Structures] 1996
Architecture 462/562: Analysis, Design & Construction of Wood Buildings 1996
Graduate Forum Faculty / Staff Computer Media Seminars 1996
City of Portland, Bureau of Planning Portland, Oregon 2006-2007
Central City Urban Design Assessment Resource Group
Woodbury University San Diego, California 2006
Guest Studio Critic for Professor Bryan Cantley
California College of the Arts San Francisco, California 2006
Visiting Studio Critic for
Professors Mark
Donohue and Sekou Cooke
Museum of the City Portland, Oregon 2003-2004
Assistant Director + Design Competitions Convener
Symposium Coordinator, "Portland at the Crossroads: designing a city for the 21st century"
Mayor’s City Design Initiative Team Portland, Oregon 2002-2004
RFD Reform and Design Competition Team Leader
University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho 2003
Guest Masters Thesis Critic for Professor Anne Lawrason Marshall
Mayor’s Cultural Economy Initiative Portland, Oregon 2002-2003
Architectural + Urban Planning Liaison
Atelier Z Gallery Portland, Oregon 2000-2003
Curator Exhibitions represented a number of emerging artists in the genres of
painting, sculpture, photography, performance, and video installation.
American Institute of Architects Portland, Oregon 1999-2003
Intern Development Program Design Competition Chairperson
American Institute of Architects Portland, Oregon 1997-2003
Housing Committee Co-Chairperson
Pacific Northwest College of Art Portland, Oregon 2002
Guest Lecturer in “Structural Design” for Professor Emily Hackett, Ph.D.
Rome Center, Palazzo Pio Rome, Italy 1997
Visiting Studio Critic for Professor James Tice, University of Oregon
Exhibitions,
Lectures, Awards + Scholarships
2009
Best Papers of 2008: "Pre.Fab: Myth, Hype + Reality" Portland, Oregon March 2009
ACSA National Convention
2008
"Root Awards: Outdoors" Finalist Portland, Oregon November 2008
"Root Awards: Rising Star" Nominee Portland, Oregon November 2008
Portland Spaces Magazine
"Touchstone Exhibition" Portland, Oregon October 2008
University of Oregon, School of Architecture
"Pre.Fab: Myth, Hype + Reality" Amherst, Mass. September 2008
Pre-Fabrication Symposium
University of Massachusetts, School
of Architecture
2006
"Empathic Vectors" College Park, Md. August 2006
Building Technology Educators’ Symposium
University of Maryland, School of
Architecture
2005
"Sky Hovering” McMenamin’s, Crystal Ballroom Portland, Oregon December 2005
“People in Places” Lents Photography Gallery Portland, Oregon December 2005
First Thursday Portland Art Dealers Association Portland, Oregon November 2005
"Alberta
100” Arts on Alberta Portland, Oregon September 2005
2004
"Living Smart" American Institute of Architects Portland, Oregon December 2004
"Designs
of Excellence" Bureau of
Development Services Portland,
Oregon October 2004
2003
"In the Shadows of Folded Space" Stillwater, Oklahoma April 2003
“unStaked Territory: Frontiers of Beginning Design”
19th National Conference on the Beginning Design Student
Oklahoma State University, School of Architecture
"The Next Wave - Portland's Emerging Designers" Portland, Oregon February 2003
Mayor’s Design Collaborative Exhibition, Jean Vollum Capitol Center
“Charette
2002” American Institute of
Architects Portland, Oregon January 2003
2002
“Gestalt of deFamiliarized Urbanism” San Luis Obispo, CA November 2002
“Imagining Realms | Remaking Worlds”
Western Regional Associate of Collegiate Schools of Architecture Conference
California Polytechnic State
University, College of Architecture and Environmental Design
“Sculptor / Architect: Transcending Forces” Portland, Oregon October 2002
Pacific Northwest College of Art
“Charette 2002” Mayor’s Office, City Hall Portland, Oregon April-May 2002
“Works Current; an exhibition of works by Portland’s vanguard architects to reveal new perspectives”
Portland State University: Auzen Gallery; Portland, Oregon March 2002
“an.Architecture + industrial Design” January
2002
Portland
State University Faculty Lecture Portland,
Oregon
2001.2000
“Excellence in Masonry Design: Yelm Cinema” 2001
Masonry Institute of Washington Seattle, Washington
“Acts of Drawing”: American Institute of Architects Portland, Oregon November 2001
“Guns in the Hands of Artists”: IFCC/RACC Portland, Oregon April 2001
“Boxing Architecture”: American Institute of Architects Portland, Oregon November 2001
“Urban Housing of the Netherlands, Denmark,
Sweden + Finland” Summer 2001
Portland State University Professional Development Fund Research Grant
“Cinematic Form + Freakshows”: Q-Hut Portland, Oregon October2000
“Open Wall”, Portland Institute for Contemporary Art Portland, Oregon June 2000
“2000(A): an impetus for urban exploration, Institute for the Performing Arts”
Elizabeth Leech Annex Gallery Portland, Oregon May 2000
“Emerging Architectures: an exhibition of creative work by architectural interns and young practitioners”
Portland State University: Auzen Gallery Portland, Oregon March 2000
“tkts™
Booth in Times Square”: Van Alen Institute New
York City February-March 2000
pre.2000
“Intern of the Year” 1999
American Institute of Architects; Portland Chapter
“Works Current: New Attitude, New Visions for Multi-Family Housing”:
Portland State University: Auzen Gallery Portland, Oregon March 1998
“Governor John A. Kitzhaber’s Livability Award: Irvington Place” State of Oregon 1998
“from Barcelona 2 LA” lecture and exhibition: Sienna Architecture Company November 1997
“Art by Architects”: American Institute of Architects Portland, Oregon October 1997
“The Jewish Experience of Modern Germany”
Summer 1997
Federal
Chancellery of Germany and Hillel: FJLC Travel Scholarship
Explorations and discussions in Norway, Germany, Austria, Italy and Spain.
“Contemporary Furniture”
University of Oregon: Laverne Krause Art Gallery Eugene, Oregon May 1997
Magellan 4 Star Site: "Architectonics: the Science of Architecture" 1996
Pacific
Bell Education First, Blue Ribbon Award "Architectonics: the Science of
Architecture" 1995
Publications
+ Video
2009
Spitznass, Jill. Portland Monthly Magazine, " Style Council", February 2009, p.40.
Zal, Fredrick H. Best of 2008: "Pre.Fab: Myth, Hype + Reality", ACSA National Conference, 2009.
Wendt,
Allyson. "Prefabrication's Green
Promise: Mass Production Offers Unique Opportunities For Customized Green
Construction", GreenSource, January 2009.
2008
Schemmerer, Richard. PDX Art, "Special interview with Architect Fredrick H. Zal", Wednesday, 08 October 2008
Fitzgerald, Keith. “An Ancient Trick for Cooling Can Save Big Bucks”, Money Morning, 03 Sept. 2008
Zal,
Fredrick H. "Pre.Fab: Myth, Hype +
Reality", ACSA Pre-Fabrication Symposium, 2008.
Gragg, Randy. “Skinny City: three viewpoints on the city’s effort to design a
house for the 25 by 100 foot lot.” Portland Spaces, April 2008, p.32, 34.
2007
Joshi, Anuja. UCLA iDesign: “Macro design to micro: Defining Architecture
and Industrial Design”, December 2007.
Kirkland, John. The Oregonian: “Back in Time: Period restorations strike
balance between amenities, authenticity”, 09 September 2007, Homes + Rentals, p.H1-H2.
Cogswell, Kara. The Oregonian: “Slim picks: New Living Smart homes give
shape to Portland's goals for 'skinny-lot' design”, 08 July 2007.
Nkrumah, Wade. The Oregonian: “Skinny-house winners to get their first
test”, 28 June 2007.
Otto, Bridget A. The Oregonian: “Material Worth: Architect Fredrick Zal
draws inspiration from building materials and their history”, 08 March 2007,
Homes + Gardens, p.6-9.
2006
Chee, Angela + Mokhtari, Marsh HGtv "I Want That! Baths :Modern
Station Bath”, Episode HIWTB-104
Zal, Fredrick H. “Empathic Vectors” Building Technology Educators’ Symposium,
August 2006. p.381-395. ISBN: 978-0-615-24911-7.
Redden, Jim. “Village
grows into a vanguard”, Portland Tribune, 04 April 2006.
Comcast Cable “Portland
Underground: Suono Angelica”, Portland Community Media
Zal, Fredrick H. "Enlivening Portland’s Waterfront", Competitions
Magazine, Spring 2006, v.16, n.1.
, p.34-41, 60-61.
Tylczak, Lynn. “Portland encourages narrow homes”, Builder News. January 2006, p.20.
2005
Discovery Travel
Channel, “Amazing Vacation Homes: Destination Northwest"
Williams, Lee. The
Oregonian: “Revelry most Portland: The creative hipsters of Kaosmosis seek
a wider audience for its Yeti Snowball”, 15 December 2005, Living, p.E1 + E3.
Zal, Fredrick H. Portland Monthly. “First Impressions”, November 2005, p.22.
Radon, Lisa. UltraPDX:
“Pala Showcase of Four Fashion Designers”. 09 November 2005.
Stepp, Tracy. The
SW Community Connection: “Plans Unveiled for Village Building.”, June 2005,
No.147, p.5.
Zal, Fredrick H. "Portland Tackles an Infill Issue / Living Smart: Big Ideas
for Small Lots", Competitions Magazine, Spring 2005, v.15, n.1. ,
p.54-59 [+ Editorial: p.2-3].
2004
Zal, Fredrick H. Living Smart: Big Ideas for Small Lots – Designs of Excellence
Monograph, “The Value of Competitions” Strategy Publishing, 2004, ISBN:
0-9763502-0-3.
Stepp, Tracy. The
Connection: “Little Village Building can’t be Saved, comes down.”, November
2004, p.1, 4.
Otto, Bridget A. The Oregonian: “Totally FAB: Designers Roll Out
Customized Modular Homes”,
04 November 2004, Homes + Gardens,
p.1, 18-24.
Gragg, Randy. The
Oregonian: “The design skinny”, 15 September 2004, Living, p.B1, B3.
L-Steward, Susan. The Multnomah Village Post: “Historic Library in danger of
demolition”, v.12,i.11,
September 2004, p.1.
Nkrumah, Wade. The
Oregonian: “City contest hopes for fat selection of designs for skinny
houses”, 09 September 2004, Metro, p.B1.
Culverwell, Wendy. Oregon Business Journal: “Skinny houses for Skinny Lots”,
20 August 2004, p.22-23.
Fitzgibbon, Joe. The Oregonian: “Bocce rolls into Mainstream”, 08
July 2004, Living, p. E12.
2003
Sharp, David. Oregon
Home: "From Warehouse to WOW House: Folk art meets sleek style in the
Pearl", July - August 2003, p. [Cover], 42-57.
Bancud, Michaela. Portland
Tribune: “Bocce: Design Started with a Scribble”, 27 May 2003, Life,
p.B1,4.
Gragg, Randy. The
Oregonian: “Drawn to Perfection: A townhouse rehab fuses bold design and
precise workmanship”, 01 May 2003, Homes + Gardens, p.1, 20-29.
Zal, Fredrick H. NCBD 19 Proceedings: "Land|Form an.Architecture", April 2003, p.12-14
Silvis, Steffen. Willamette Week: “Child of Pleasure”, 05 February 2003, v.29, i.14, p.57
Johnson, Holly. The Oregonian: “Child of Pleasure is Pure Joy”, 01 February 2003, p.D8
Johnson, Holly. The Oregonian: “Mistress with the Mostess”, 24 January 2003, Arts & Entertainment, p.49
Zal,
Fredrick H. “New Ideas for Downtown
Portland.” Competitions Magazine.
Winter 2002/2003, v.12, n.4, p.54-59.
2002
Classen, Allan. The Northwest Examiner: “Italian Community Boosts Bocce Courts”, v.17.n.3.p.1,12.
Cava, John. Arcade: “Oregon Design: a proclamation”, v.21.n.1.Autumn 2002, p.6
Zal, Fredrick H. ACSA West Proceedings: Imagined Realms | Remaking Worlds “Gestalt of deFamiliarized Urbanism”, November 2002, p.257-262
Williams, Blake. “Armadillo Zen”, Seattle Case Study Homes: a plan book of modern home designs. October 2002, p.10.
Shepherd, Julianne. Portland Mercury: “Three Artists”, Vol. 3 No. 14, 5-11 September 2002, p.25
Zal, Fredrick H. Oregon Architect: “Charette 2002”. Summer 2002, v.1, n.2, p.9
Libby, Brian. NW Builder Magazine: “The Next Tall Thing”, May 2002, vol.6,no.5,p.29-31.
Gragg, Randy. The Oregonian: “Demolition and Preservation”, 14 April 2002, Artsweek, p.F1, F6.
Seldner, Deborah. The Jewish Review. "Finding Art in Castoffs helps her to help life's victims", 15 March 2002, p.15.
Scopel, Lee. The Daily Journal of Commerce: “Charette competition to tackle site on Burnside.”,
15 March 2002; vol.210,no.54, p.1,4.
2001.2000
Zal, Fredrick H. Jewish Exponent. “Portland can be the Model for Philly’s Urban Revival.”;
27 December 2001, vol.210, no.27, p.20.
Snedecor, Donald. The Multnomah Village Post: “Historical society to discuss the fate of two old buildings”, September 2000, v.8.,n.11., p.2.
Carter, Dan The Daily Journal of Commerce: “Touring the Yards at Union Station”,
15 June 2000, v.205,n.34.p.1
Cheek, Lawrence W. Architecture: “Loophole Masters”. June 2000, v.89.,n.6., p.68-69, 155.
Basalyga, Stephanie. The Daily Journal of Commerce: “Charette competition opens dialogue for ideas”,
15 May 2000, v.205,n.11.p.1, 4.
Curry, Patti. The Daily Journal of Commerce Magazine: “Urban Living”, May 2000, p.[cover], 6-10.
Russell, James S. Architectural Record: “Profound forces are reshaping American cities”,
March 2000, v.188.,n.3., p.76-82, 206-208.
pre.2000
Millius, Guenevere. The Daily Journal of Commerce: “WPH’s Zal nets Intern of the Year Award”,
3 December 1999, v.203,n.68.p.6
Perlman, Lee. Northwest Examiner: “Historic Vlahakis Building getting two more floors”,11/1999, p.6.
Gragg, Randy. The Oregonian: “Manifest Density”, 25 April 1999, Northwest Living, p.L1, L4-5.
Loving, L.S. Our Town: “Defining Urban Modernism”, 19 April 1999, p.[cover], 6
Gragg, Randy. The Oregonian: “Is Portland’s Destiny in Density”, 18 March 1998, Arts + Living, pC04.
Miller, Brian K. The Business Journal: “Playing the Infill Game”, 5 June 1998
Zal, Fredrick H. A&AA Review. “Tensioned Fabric Workshop Explores Structures.” v.XV, No.2. Spring 1997, p.[cover], 4.
Duff, Stephen. A&AA Review. “Three Design/Build Studios.” v.XV, No.1.Fall 1996, p.4-5
Zal, Fredrick H. Crit: The Journal of the A.I.A.S. “Architable.” Spring 1996, #36, p.48
Thompson, William. Landscape Architecture. “Building to Learn.” March 1996, v.86, n.3, p.50-55
Zal, Fredrick H. Oregon Twelve. “Empathy Lost.” Winter 1996, Volume I, p.43-44
Sturges, William G. Friends of Kebyar. “Continuous Architecture: The Ongoing Relationships between
Design & Construction.” V14.1, Issue No.60, Sept 1995 – June 1996; p.22-24